在这种模式中，通常每个接收者都包含对另一个接收者的引用。如果一个对象不能处理该请求，那么它会把相同的请求传给下一个接收者，依此类推。

应用实例： 1、红楼梦中的”击鼓传花”。 2、JS 中的事件冒泡。 3、JAVA WEB 中 Apache Tomcat 对 Encoding 的处理，Struts2 的拦截器，jsp servlet 的 Filter。

责任链模式demo

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AbstractLogger.java
public abstract class AbstractLogger {
   public static int INFO = 1;
   public static int DEBUG = 2;
   public static int ERROR = 3;
 
   protected int level;
 
   //责任链中的下一个元素
   protected AbstractLogger nextLogger;
 
   public void setNextLogger(AbstractLogger nextLogger){
      this.nextLogger = nextLogger;
   }
 
   public void logMessage(int level, String message){
      if(this.level <= level){
         write(message);
      }
      if(nextLogger !=null){
         nextLogger.logMessage(level, message);
      }
   }
 
   abstract protected void write(String message);
   
}

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ConsoleLogger.java
public class ConsoleLogger extends AbstractLogger {
 
   public ConsoleLogger(int level){
      this.level = level;
   }
 
   @Override
   protected void write(String message) {    
      System.out.println("Standard Console::Logger: " + message);
   }
}

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ErrorLogger.java
public class ErrorLogger extends AbstractLogger {
 
   public ErrorLogger(int level){
      this.level = level;
   }
 
   @Override
   protected void write(String message) {    
      System.out.println("Error Console::Logger: " + message);
   }
}

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FileLogger.java
public class FileLogger extends AbstractLogger {
 
   public FileLogger(int level){
      this.level = level;
   }
 
   @Override
   protected void write(String message) {    
      System.out.println("File::Logger: " + message);
   }
}
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ChainPatternDemo.java
public class ChainPatternDemo {
   
   private static AbstractLogger getChainOfLoggers(){
 
      AbstractLogger errorLogger = new ErrorLogger(AbstractLogger.ERROR);
      AbstractLogger fileLogger = new FileLogger(AbstractLogger.DEBUG);
      AbstractLogger consoleLogger = new ConsoleLogger(AbstractLogger.INFO);
 
      errorLogger.setNextLogger(fileLogger);
      fileLogger.setNextLogger(consoleLogger);
 
      return errorLogger;  
   }
 
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      AbstractLogger loggerChain = getChainOfLoggers();
 
      loggerChain.logMessage(AbstractLogger.INFO, 
         "This is an information.");
 
      loggerChain.logMessage(AbstractLogger.DEBUG, 
         "This is an debug level information.");
 
      loggerChain.logMessage(AbstractLogger.ERROR, 
         "This is an error information.");
   }
}

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Standard Console::Logger: This is an information.
File::Logger: This is an debug level information.
Standard Console::Logger: This is an debug level information.
Error Console::Logger: This is an error information.
File::Logger: This is an error information.
Standard Console::Logger: This is an error information.

最高级别的error会被输出三次，最低级别的info只会输出一次。